Business Structures free essay sample

Starting a business involves a large amount of planning. Part of this planning is determining what type of business structure is the proper structure for the business. There are several types of business structures. The purpose of this paper is to identify the different business structures, and to explain how each business structure may and might not be advantageous. Business Structures There are three different types of business structures. The first type of business structure is a sole proprietorship structure. The second type of business structure is a partnership structure and the third type of business structure is a corporation structure. Sole Proprietorship In the sole proprietorship structure an individual owns and operates the business. The sole proprietorship structure is the easiest legal structure to engage in when starting a business. Because the fees to obtain a business name and certificate are minimal a sole proprietorship is an inexpensive way to begin a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Structures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An individual who prefers complete authority with the business decisions and is limited on funds a sole proprietorship is the ideal structure. The results are that the earnings are taxed only once and can be taxed as personal income. The disadvantages of the sole proprietorship structure are that the individual is liable for everything. This includes the company’s financial status. Another disadvantage is that it is hard to receive financial backing for a sole proprietorship structured business. Partnership Another business structure is the partnership structure. In a partnership structure the ownership and operation of the business is between several people. There are two types of partnerships, general, and limited. A general partnership can be a written agreement between two or more people and a limited partnership will limit the liability of each partner according to their capital investment. A partnership structure requires trust and support between the partners. Tax benefits are the advantages for a partnership structure as well as sharing of financial and operational aspects of the business. The disadvantage of the partnership structure is the risk of personal liabilities and expenses. Corporation The corporation structure has multiple owners and operators and is complex and expensive. There are different types of structures to the corporation structure. The first is general corporations. The most common is the general corporation. The company is a separate legal entity, owned by stockholders. The number of stockholders are limited, and they protected by business predators (university of Phoenix, 2013). The advantages to a general corporation are the ability to make loans and that personal assets are protected from business debt or liability. The disadvantages of the general corporation are that it is a difficult corporation and this type of corporation requires the assistance of an attorney. The next corporation structure is the Subchapter S corporation structure. Small business owners mostly use the Subchapter S corporation structure. The advantages of the Subchapter S corporation structure are tax savings, business expense tax credit, and the ability to separate an independent life from shareholders (University of Phoenix, 2013). The disadvantages are shareholders compensations requirements and a stricter operational process. Finally there is the limited liability company LLC. The limited liability company is not a corporation, but offers advantages similar to the Subchapter S corporation structure. The limited liability company has fewer ownership restrictions as the Subchapter S corporation structure and has more flexibility for managing the business. The limited liability company is easy to obtain and has some protection. The disadvantages of the limited liability company are taxes, minimum required number of owners, and state availability. Conclusion When making the decision on opening a business an individual must take into consideration the type of business structure that best fits his or her company. When making the decision of which business structure is best to use it is important to look at the meaning of the business structure, the advantages of the business structure, and the disadvantages of the business structure. This paper defined the different business structures and explained explain how each business structure might and might not be advantageous.

consumer health essays

consumer health essays Is Consumer Health and Safety in Jeopardy With the implementation of Self-Prescription GUS 72-001: Urban Affairs-Consumers In the Marketplace: Your Legal Rights The expeditious augmentation of consumer product transactions taking place on the Internet have developed new risk for the public's health and safety, especially with the rise of online self-prescription drug sites. Online Pharmacies have been created to benefit the consumer but pose many risks for credulous purchasers, increased health fraud, and unique challenges to regulators, law enforcement, and policymakers. With these latest technological advancements, former regulations utilized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning the distribution of prescription and over the counter drugs have to some extent become obsolete. This has required that the FDA along with the combined efforts of other organizations such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), create new regulations to protect consumers. The evolution of online prescription Internet sites has brought several advantages to consumers, allowing individuals to attain ever-increasing amounts of knowledge to improve their understanding of health issues and treatment options. "Last year alone more than 22 million Americans used the Internet to find medical information. According to Investor's Business Daily, 43% of web surfers access health care data online each year. Health concerns are the sixth most common reason people use the Internet, and according to the market research firm, Cyber Dialogue Inc., this number is growing 70 percent a year." The leading attractions to purchasing consumer products online are speed, privacy, ease of choosing and ordering products, and reduction in possible prescription errors with the use of computer technology to transmit prescriptions from doctors to pharmacies. Other benefits include: lower prices through increased competition among licensed sellers; great...

Supermarket Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supermarket Prices - Essay Example There are a lot of assumptions about the grocery market in Australia. One of the assumptions is that markets like the Coles and Woolworths have large economies of scale and hence they have cheaper products as compared to other supermarkets. It is also argued that different states have different market sizes, and costs resulting in different prices across the states. It is also assumed that the prices differ according to the location of the store. Further, managers at ALDI claims that they have different prices in the three states. Answer 1 Hypothesis: The null hypothesis is one in which we assume that the difference between the sample means is because of chance. The alternate hypothesis supposes that the samples are affected by some non-random clause (Prince, 2000). The Null hypothesis will be the one which assumes that the average price of all the stores is same. The alternate hypothesis will assume that there is significant difference between the average prices of the 4 supermarkets. Null Hypothesis: H0:  µ1 =  µ2 =  µ3 =  µ4 Alternate Hypothesis: H1:  µ1 ≠   µ2 ≠   µ3 ≠   µ4 Where,  µ1 is the average price at Coles/BI-LO  µ2 is the average price at Woolworths/Safeway  µ3 is the average price at independent stores  µ4 is the average price at ALDI Appropriate Test Since, we are required to compare the means of 4 samples; the appropriate test that shall be performed is the one-way ANOVA (Karris, 2003).

Any to pic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Any to pic - Essay Example The cases of failure among health care institutions that have been publicized, though a minority, their overwhelming blow cannot be condoned. These failures have been associated with inadequate compassion, inadequate respect, and lack of dignity. The media has gone further to highlight the consequences of such shortcomings. The most adverse effect is that such failure results to death of many individuals, who would, otherwise have been saved. The interest of some health care organizations has masked the avoidable harm that patients experience across various parts of the world (Reid, 2012). It is essential to note that for a positive movement to be made, the most essential task is shifting the mindset of all health care professionals at all levels. For instance, it is essential that normalizing the nonstandard should be stopped as well as acceptance of the unacceptable. Moreover, there should be a collective as well as individual practice and promotion of professional cores and values that increase the safety of patients and property ownership. Nevertheless, improvements should be made in surgeries, with increases in effectiveness and commitment among the professionals. Health care professionals touch people’s lives at times of primary human need, when compassion and care are what they need most. It is, therefore, significantly essential that individuals, boards, and teams explore what compassion, dignity, respect, and care signify and their manner of demonstration (Reid, 2012). Building united mental representations of care requires nurses to express professional values and describe their expectations. As much as there has been reported failures and poor performance in health care institutions, it is, however, essential that their efforts be recognized. It is arguable that with the absence of nurse leaders to engage others in work, a health environment is unachievable. Professionals have argued that it is only qualified nurses who can determine whether

Boston Strangler killings Essay Example for Free

Boston Strangler killings Essay Between 1962 and 1964, thirteen women were sexually assaulted and murdered in the city of Boston. This series of murders was called the Boston Strangler murders. Though most of the victims were older women, a few were in their early twenties, and one young woman was in her late teens. All of the victims were strangled, usually with a personal item the woman owned, such as tights or stockings. The Boston Strangler would gain access to his victims by posing as an official needing to perform a service in the women’s homes. In 1964, Albert de Salvo confessed to having committed the crimes (Chitolie, 1997). Because the Boston Strangler killings involved a repetitive pattern, which always involved specific behaviors, social learning theory is most useful in explaining this case. According to social learning theory, an individual learns by observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others (Kearsley, 2007). People learn societal norms and appropriate, healthy behaviors by modeling others. After one becomes aware of a behavior by observing it, he will usually apply the behavior in future situations, reflecting upon past outcomes that occurred when the behavior was originally observed. The Boston Strangler observed the reactions of his earlier victims and based his approach to future murders on the outcomes of his prior crimes. For example, he knew that by dressing as a serviceman, de Salvo’s victims would respond by trusting de Salvo and allowing him to enter their houses. Consequently, de Salvo used this tactic repeatedly. A more general example of how learned behaviors may influence future practices is evident in the treatment of animals. Many children go through a stage in which they innocently harm insects or small animals (i. e. by trapping them and keeping them in jars, etc. ). In most cases, a parent or other adult intervenes, and the child learns to respect animals. As a result, the child does not have a desire to cause the animal pain. There are some cases, however, in which the child never learns empathy for animals and the pattern of torture intensifies. Based on prior experiences (i. e. causing pain in animals as a form of enjoyment, and not having an adult stop the behavior), a child may continue the undesirable practice. Sometimes, the child’s violent tendencies toward living things may escalate so much that it is later transferred to human beings when the child becomes an adult. As a child, Albert de Salvo trapped cats and dogs and shot them with arrows. It may be argued that de Salvo never learned appropriate behavior in dealing with living things, and as a result, de Salvo’s practice of trapping animals, rendering them helpless, and killing them progressed to trapping and torturing the women he murdered during his adulthood. The childhood practice of continued animal cruelty can be observed among a number of other infamous serial killers as well (Finch, 1992). In the context of social learning theory, the Boston Strangler’s killings perhaps occurred because the individual who committed these crimes lacked proper role models to teach him the rules and norms of society. It appears that this individual was never effectively discouraged from harming living organisms, and it is even possible that he may have witnessed violent acts (perhaps the violent acts of men against women) during his early years of development. Nevertheless, when examining the killings, from the general events that took place to the minor details, there appears to be an obvious pattern of repetitive learned violent behavior. Bibliography Chitolie, Raymond. Serial Killers—Case Files [The Boston Strangler]. 1997. Retrieved March 16, 2007, from http://hosted. ray. easynet. co. uk/serial_killers/boston. html Finch, Patty A. Abuse. 1992. Retrieved March 16, 2007, from http://www. vospca. org/archive/abuse. html Kearsley, Gregg. Theories. 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2007, from http://tip. psychology. org/bandura. html

Epic of Gilgamesh :: essays research papers

The Change in Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the beginning of time, man has learned to mature by trials and tribulations. In the beginning of The Epic of Gilgamesh, the protagonist Gilgamesh appears to be an arrogant person who only cares about himself. He abuses all his powers and takes advantage of people with his physical abilities. Basically in the beginning he thinks that no one on earth is better than him. However, just like all epic poems, the protagonist encounters many challenges that make him a better person. So as the story progresses Gilgamesh slowly starts to change his personality. Various events help transform this tyrant to a humble person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the book, Gilgamesh appears to be selfish. Gilgamesh’s â€Å"arrogance has no bounds by day or night† (62). Even though he is created by the Gods to be perfect, he misuses his powers and gifts for his own earthly pleasure. He has sexual intercourse with all the virgins of his city even if they are already engaged. Through all Gilgamesh’s imperfections and faults, he learns to change his amoral personality. The friendship of Enkidu helped to change his ways, for only Enkidu, who â€Å"is the strongest of wild creatures,† (66) is a match for Gilgamesh. Through this companionship with Enkidu, Gilgamesh starts to realize his incapabilities and need for his friend. When they fight Humbaba, they both give moral support to each other when the other is scared. Another event that changes Gilgamesh’s character is the death of Enkidu. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh goes through the suffering of losing a loved one. Gilgamesh experiences a pain, which no worldly pleasure can ease. By this experience Gilgamesh starts to understand his vulnerability toward death and pain. Losing his best friend causes Gilgamesh to be melancholic. At this point Gilgamesh is humbled by the fact that even he could not escape the wrath of death. Gilgamesh goes from this arrogant king to a lonely grieving person with fear of death in his heart.

Are Deaf or Hearing Impaired People More Susceptible to Mental Illnesses?

American Sign Language Are deaf or hard of hearing people more susceptible to mental illnesses? The ability to communicate is at the heart of good mental health. Within any large group of people, one may expect to find a smaller group with mental health issues. However, in addition to conquering the difficulties associated with the inability to effectively communicate, individuals in the deaf community must also attempt to find mental health facilities that can accommodate their special circumstances. With all the challenges that face these individuals, it would come to no surprise to learn whether they are more prone to mental health problems than hearing individuals. First, any diagnoses of any mental health issue in the United States comes from one book, the DSM IV- the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version IV. This bible of the mental health field is separated into five sections, though the first two are most prevalent in the studies to follow. The first section is Axis I, listing and describing the Clinical disorders including major mental disorders and learning disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, and bipolar disorder. Axis II lists Personality disorders such as paranoid personality disorder and dependent personality disorder, and mental retardation. In diagnosing children with sensory problems it is important to remember that early onset of significant hearing impairment can have a profound effect on the child’s development, with adverse consequences for mental health, both in childhood and adult life. 0% of deaf children born to hearing parents risk developmental delays in language and vocabulary, resulting in consequences in emotional, psychological, and educational growth (du Feu, 2003). In the past, these consequences manifested themselves in lower expectations for deaf children, and difficulties in teaching them led to the absence of correctly diagnosing mild learning disabilities, attention de ficit disorder, and even autism. The children’s behaviors were instead attributed to their deafness. As a result, deaf children have an increased prevalence of mental health problems, 45-50% ersus an average of 25% for the general population. Interestingly enough, deaf children from deaf families do not show this increased level of mental health problems (du Feu, 2003). Because hearing loss so readily interferes with the acquisition of vocabulary, the mean English literacy of deaf high school graduates is at the 4. 5 grade level. (Reed, 2006) To compound this problem, a great many deaf people are not fluent in American Sign Language either, leaving the individual with a gross inability to communicate in general. Or, assuming the deaf person knows at least some ASL, written sentences may be choppy, incomplete, written in ASL syntax versus English grammar, and therefore may be misleading to the physician. Many mental help providers mistake normal language and communication issues for developmental delays, mental illness or mental retardation. However, misdiagnosing a non-fluent deaf person as psychotic is just as prevalent as mistaking psychosis as merely poor communication. The fear of being misdiagnosed due to language and cultural differences is one reason why deaf people may be reluctant to seek treatment for a mental health problem. Early studies found that schizophrenia was more common in deaf individuals than hearing people; however, the redirection of diagnoses from schizophrenia to adjustment disorders and organic problems occurred as the diagnostic process became more accurate and clearly defined (Black, 2006). In addition, deaf people are far less likely to be diagnosed with psychotic diagnoses if they are served in a deaf psychiatric program versus the mainstream population; understandably, those specific deaf psychiatric programs are not always readily available in the individual’s vicinity. Another reason deaf people may hesitate to seek treatment for mental disorders is the lack of providers who have knowledge of ASL and how it differs from English as well as the basics about deaf education and development (Pollard, 2010). Mental health providers must also learn deaf culture to differentiate what can be considered normal behavior in a deaf patient. For instance, a deaf person may stomp loudly on the floor to gain one’s attention; behavior that would be considered aggressive by hearing tandards but accepted as quite normal in a deaf community. Deaf people are also very animated in their â€Å"talk†, relying on vivid display of expression and strong emotion to convey their feelings. These theatrics which are a normal part of ASL and deaf language are considered unnecessary in the general hearing public. Energetic signing may make people appear to be excitable or aggressive. Deaf people’s eye contact, use of personal space and way of touching others t o gain attention may all be misinterpreted as they can appear direct or intrusive. du Feu, 20063) Clinicians often labeled rapid signing as a symptom of psychotic behavior rather than the change of mood that was actually indicated by the patient. (Reed, 2006) Deaf patients were more often misunderstood than correctly diagnosed, leading to unnecessary and sometimes potentially harmful treatment and even detainment. â€Å"If I can’t trust my local mental health center to offer me someone who’s competent to deal with me, why should I go? † (Pollard, 2010) More recent studies, though admittedly not â€Å"experts† in completely understanding the deaf culture and language, have had more reliable results in the prevalence of mental disorders among the deaf. The frequency of mental illness among deaf people is at least as high as in the population at large. (Mueller, 2006) Findings also reveal the rate of Axis I disorders (depression, psychotic disorders) does not differ between hearing and deaf populations, including schizophrenia, but Axis II (personality disorders, mental retardation) and childhood behavior problems are three to six times more prevalent for deaf persons. The high rate of personality disorders may be related to attachment difficulties in some hearing families with deaf children. Deaf children and adolescents exhibit higher levels of behavioral and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders than the general population. (Haskins, 2000) Posttraumatic stress disorder is noted as being the most common diagnosis found in the deaf community. (Mueller, 2006) Deaf patients are also less likely to be diagnosed with psychotic or substance abuse disorder and more likely to be diagnosed with a mood, anxiety, or developmental disorder than members of the hearing population. However, providers still have limited knowledge of deafness or deaf culture which continues to seriously impact the ability to accurately assess and/or diagnose. (Mueller, 2006) While the hearing population can open a phone book and choose one of many, many providers to seek treatment for their problems, the deaf community has very little options. Aside from the difficult task of finding a signing counselor, one may allow an interpreter to accompany in the in the intensely personal session; that may also prove uncomfortable for the deaf patient and the interpreter, and it may skew the relationship with the clinician. In the past, therapists believed deaf people showed a low incidence of depression; in reality, it is more likely that the deaf just choose not to seek help. In addition to the challenges presented in childhood and adulthood for deaf patients, they must continue on their journey into retirement and beyond, frequently becoming more and more isolated as medical conditions start to accumulate with old age. Few residential or nursing homes or psychogeriatric services have experience with deaf people who sign. In conclusion, I’ve proven my theory that deaf people are more susceptible to some mental health issues due to the obstacles faced everyday with communicating with others. Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, however, are both difficult steps to the rehabilitation process. In research for this project, I learned of a 28 year old deaf woman who was born to hearing parents. The parents were advised early on not to learn to sign, and to discourage her from learning as well. Instead, they tried to have an instructor teach her the oral method, at least initially. Extremely unhappy, the girl developed behavior problems in childhood that increased in adolescence and carried over to early adulthood. She tried to socialize at the local deaf club but only knew a little ASL. She was barely literate, unable to hold a job or have a satisfying life. Upon eventual hospitalization, she was hostile and withdrawn. Frustrated at being unable to communicate with her, the woman’s parents asked the intake person to sign to the woman that they loved her. The woman signed the bitter response that she had wasted her entire childhood trying to learn to speak and her parents had not spent a single hour learning to sign. (du Feu, 2003) Ignorance isn’t always bliss. Bibliography Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, Margaret du Feu, 2003, volume 9, pp95-103 Deaf People: Mental Illness; Mental Illness in the Deaf Community: Increasing Awareness and Identifying Needs, Sandra Mueller, 2006, www. lifeprint. com Serving and Assessing Deaf Patients; Implications for Psychiatry, B. Haskins, Psychiatric Times, December 2000, volume XVII, Issue 12 Demographics, Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Other Characteristics of North American Deaf and Hard of Hearing Inpatients, Patricia Black, Riverview Psychiatric Center, jdsde. oxfordjournals. org Interview with Robert Pollard, Ph. D. , Professor of Psychiatry at University of Rochester and director of Deaf Wellness Center, 2010, www. healthbridges. info Mental Health Issues in the Deaf Community, Kimberly Reed, About. com guide 2006 bipolar. about. com/od/socialissues/a/000425_deaf. htm